Biotechnology
Introduction
Biotechnology is a technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
Biotechnology can also be defined with: "Biotechnology is the manipulation of organisms to do practical things and to provide useful products."
One section of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for the manufacture of organic products (examples include beer, milk products, and skin). Naturally present bacteria are utilized by the mining industry in bioleaching. Biotechnology is also used to recycle, treat waste, clean up sites contaminated by industrial activities (bioremediation), and produce biological weapons.
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There are also applications of biotechnology that do not use living organisms. Examples are DNA microarrays used in genetics and radioactive tracers used in medicine.
Modern biotechnology is often associated with the use of genetically altered microorganisms such as E. coli or yeast for the production of substances like insulin or antibiotics. It can also refer to transgenic animals or transgenic plants, such as Bt corn. Genetically altered mammalian cells, such as Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, are also widely used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. Another promising new biotechnology application is the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals.
Eligibility
Minimum eligibility for the Undergraduate course in this field is a pass in 10+2/equivalent examinations and for the post graduate course in this field is a pass in corresponding undergraduate course.
Job Prospects
Bio-tech graduates are usually employed in Drug manufacturing Industry, food processing industry, chemical industry and the textile industry. They can also be employed in research and education field.
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